Based on Palmer theory, Semantics is technical term used to refer to study of meaning.
Based on Hornby theory, Semantics is branch of linguistics concerned with studying the meaning of words and sentences.
With these some references, I conclude Semantics is the relationships between words and sentences, how we connected the meaning with communication, how people use sign, symbols and structures of each sentence, and how the meaning can change in the future.
I also found two (2) kinds of Semantics :
Denotation
Denotation is straightforward dictionary definition of the word. It is the actual literal definition or meaning of a word or term.
Example : twelfth month of the year, next after November
Conotation
Conotation is an association of a term. It can also be an emotional input attached to a word thus making it more figurative and suggestive.
Example : bad weather (usually rainy or snowy), dark evening, grey sky, slippery streets, holiday season, Christmas, winter break, loneliness, separation from the beloved.
Here are the resources I got for the two kinds of Semantics.
https://www.slideshare.net/Chris2610/type-of-meaning-semantics
https://www.slideshare.net/rafiaamanat/semantics-connotation-and-dennotation
https://www.google.co.id/search?safe=strict&sxsrf=ACYBGNTwlmXrPcpkXXsTnHl9DdV47FmOBw%3A1578322253488&ei=TUkTXui5HbDWz7sPk-CUYA&q=based+on+katz+theory%2C+semantics+is+the+study+of+linguistics+meaning.&oq=&gs_l=mobile-gws-wiz-serp.1.1.35i362i39l8.2493.19897..23548...1.0..0.168.1907.2j14......5....1.......8..0i30j0j46.FKu2oWIETWc
https://www.google.co.id/search?safe=strict&sxsrf=ACYBGNTmxG4yDPo3tSeZ41KIr_h2u9IYyQ%3A1578322377430&ei=yUkTXqLvGfnAz7sPyrCn2Ag&q=Based+on+Palmer+theory%2C+Semantics+is+technical+term+used+to+refer+to+study+of+meaning.&oq=Based+on+Palmer+theory%2C+Semantics+is+technical+term+used+to+refer+to+study+of+meaning.&gs_l=mobile-gws-wiz-serp.3...126817.136305..142259...1.0..2.7250.19331.0j1j9-3......0....1j2.......8..35i362i39.yZtcm-9sq_A
You said that Semantics is the relationships between words and sentences, how we connected the meaning with communication, how people use sign, symbols and structures of each sentence, and how the meaning can change in the future.could you please tell me how we know that a sentence is semantics meaning or no?
ReplyDeleteThe Semantics sentences often have soft ways to make people agree what they want the others to do. For example: mother wants her son to do his chores right now but instead she said to him "Can you help mom to mop the floors now?"
DeleteSo the mother persuades her son to do what she wants.
Thanks for the answer. Is it true that semantic sentences often have soft way to make people agree what they want the others to do according to you? And why?
DeleteYes. Semantics sentences often make their ways soften to make people agree to what they want. Of course, we want people agree to what we want. If we can get it in the soft way, why we have to have the hard way? People also will not really get hurt if we ask them softly.😊
DeleteThanks for answering my question. But, could you please give me a link and references that shows about the fact of semantics which always soft ways to express their thought to their interlocutors? Because I never read about that. Thank you.
DeleteI did not say that semantics always have soft ways to express their thought sis, there are times too that it says the facts like "denotation".
DeleteIn Denotation, Semantics says straightforward or direct meaning because it is the fact.
DeleteYou said before that semantics sentences often make their ways soften to make people agree to what they want. Could you give me a reason? Why you said like that? Is there any researcher explained about that? Thank you.
Deletehttps://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-semantics.html
DeleteThat is one of the links sis.
DeleteWhy they want people agree to them? Like I've said in previous answer, if we can say it softly, why we have to say it in the hard way? especially for those who have sensitive or soft heart.
DeleteThanks for answering my questions. I would like to give you a praise. you have made this blog so nice to see and read. I hope you will make many blogs with different topics for the next time. thank you.
DeleteI would like to give a suggestion also for you. I hope you will make many examples and explanations both on your opinion and experts' opinion. It will be more interesting if you put both sides on your blog. thank you.
DeleteHi fransiska, thank you for your explanation, but, i want to ask about 2 kinds of semantic. Who is the expert talk about this, and how we can distinguish that sentence is semantic or no? Because you told me semantic ia the study of the meaning, because you told us denotation is the actual literal.
ReplyDeleteHello Vero! Allowing me to help you answer Vero's question, Fransiska. Actually, this question, I've ready gotten on my blog and I've already answered on Yola's blog. So, it makes me easy to answer your question. The easy way to distinguish the sentences both the pragmatic and semantic meaning is you should know the meaning of both of them.
DeleteBoth the pragmatic and semantic meaning of your sentence are important when communicating with other people. Although semantics is concerned only with the exact, literal meaning of the words and their interrelations, pragmatic usage focuses on the inferred meaning that the speakers and listeners perceive.
The following examples demonstrate the difference between the two:
She hasn’t taken a shower.
He was so tired he could sleep for days.
In both of these examples, the context and pragmatic meaning really define the sentence.
In the first, did the speaker really mean to say that the woman has not ever taken a shower, not even once? Although the sentence says just that, the listener in the conversation may understand, based on other factors, that the speaker means that the woman they are referring to has not taken a shower … today.
In the second example, we have a guy who is so tired he can sleep for days. Is he really going to sleep for days? Semantically, we would need to take that sentence to mean exactly that. But, in casual conversation or pragmatics, the listeners and speaker might tell you that the guy was just saying he was really, really tired, and using those words to convey that meaning, instead of saying, ‘he was really tired.
Hi sikin, thanks for ur answer, but help me to find the conclusion, dont confusing me lol ..
DeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
Deletehello vero, I think you make yourself confused because you didn't really understand what I explain on this blog. please reread again. I have answered the differences between pragmatics and semantics sentences by giving you example on each. thank you
DeleteTwo experts of that talked about two kinds of Semantics are Steven Bradley and Winston H.F. Barnes
ReplyDeleteThe way we can distinguish whether the sentence is semantics, they say what it exactly mean,no hidden message like denotation means (direct meaning).
Hello Fransisca. I want to help you answering Vero's question about the 2 kinds of semantic. Who is the expert talk about this? Actually, I've read the slide share on the links you wrote on this blog. But, on the slide share on both of the links, there is no explanation that talked about two kinds of Semantics are Steven Bradley and Winston H.F. Barnes. Please before you answer the question, you have to be knowledgeable about your topic. according to what I've read on the links you wrote on this blog, the denotation and the connotation have their own meaning. Actually, the denotation is for Semantics, because denotation is the real meaning of the word and we would need to take that sentence to mean exactly that. Whereas, connotation is for Pragmatics, because connotation represents the various social hints, cultural implications or emotional meanings associated with a sign. Thank you.
DeleteSorry to take so long to answer this question vero and thank you Sikin for answering Vero's question previously. I have added two more resources here. I know I need to learn more about Semantics but I don't agree with you that denotation is not related to connotation. Both of them are related. I will try to answer below why I said both of them are related.
DeleteWhy I said connotation and denotation are related and both of them are semantics, not pragmatics? Actually, my resources said that you cannot separate denotation and connotation. It means that they are related one another. You can reread again my resource Sikin.
DeleteHere is the reason why I said denotation and connotation cannot be separated?
DeleteDenovative languagr is factual.
E.g: home, house, residence, and dwelling have the same denotation but the connotation of each word is very different.
Explanation for above examples:
Denotation:
Home, house, residence, and dwelling: where a person lives at any given time
Connotation
Home: cozy, loving, comfortable
House: the actual building or structure
Residence: cold, no feing
Dwelling: primitive, or basic understanding.
From above examples, you can see that you cannot separate denotation and connotation. Without denotation, there will be no connotation. Denotation came from Semantics, then connotation also came from the same resource.
thanks for complete answer Frans. well done. I can add my insight about the denotation and connotation through your answer. I really confused about this topic before. after we do giving and sharing on the blog, I've learned more. thank you.
DeleteThank you sikin. It takes time also to understand our topic well. It's new for me. Have a good learning here. Thank you for asking the quality questions too. 😁
Deletehello fransiska can you explain the meaning of semantics and for example with an explanation that is very easy to understand, and not complicated and not too long?
ReplyDeleteThanks for your comment. In simple way, semantics is how you are able to communicate with people that are meaningful.
DeleteHello Mesin! Allowing me to help you answer Mesin's question, Fransisca.
DeleteSemantic is the lexical study of meaning which is using lexical optional to give directions or instructions to someone.
Semantics concerns itself with “giving a systematic account of the nature of meaning‟ (Leech in Bagha, 2011). In addition, according to Kearns (2011: 1), It deals with the literal meaning of words and the meaning of the way they are combined, which taken together form the core of meaning, or the starting point from which the whole meaning of a particular utterance is constructed.
For example:
She hasn’t taken a shower.
Did the speaker really mean to say that the woman has not ever taken a shower, not even once? Although the sentence says just that, the listener in the conversation may understand if she/he knows pragmatis, based on other factors, that the speaker means that the woman they are referring to has not taken a shower today. Semantically, we would need to take that sentence to mean exactly that.
Thank you Sikin for answering Mesin's question before but let me answer it too.
DeleteYou said that semantics is the lexical study of meaning which using lexical optional to give is direction or instruction to someone. But this meaning is very specific from Lexical Semantics.
From my 2 kinds of Semantics previously: denotation and connotation, I focus more on Conceptual Semantics here, not Lexical Semantics.
To answer Mesin's question before. The simple meaning of Semantics is the study of the relationship between words and how we draw meaning from those words.
DeleteE.g:
Denotation: A human can be referred as female, lady.
Connotation:
To call someone a lady means more than simply being female. If she's a lady, she possess elegance and grace.
Please give me the example in bahasa.
Deletehello Vero! I suggest you to learn more about English. even though you didn't understand at all. you can find the meaning on google translate. we are English students. so, we don't have to share the information by using Bahasa on this blog. thank you.
Deletehello Frans! I understood what you mean. we have different perspective about semantics. what we want to explain actually the same thing but in different ways. I adore you because you can answer the questions on your blog even though you are a career woman.
DeleteThank you Sikin. All of us has other responsibilities here. But we need to have time to finish our tasks as well as the student here even my other responsibily is as the teacher. I admire you too Sikin, I for your hardwork doing your tasks well and has your job in different city or town. Well done for you.
DeleteI also admire you. You are a teacher and besides that, you are a student also. But, you give more attention to our topic than anyone else. Happy to see your positive spirit 🤗
Deletethanks for the explanation sis ... so I understand what is semantics 😍😍😍
ReplyDeleteThank you sis. Hope we can learn each other too. 😊
DeleteHello Monica! I am glad to see your comment on this blog. So, what do you know about this topic? Do you think that this topic can add your insight about semantics or not? Please give your opinion. Thank you.
DeleteHallo kak Fransiska..
ReplyDeletein formal semantic studies, meaning is interpreted through logical relationships between sentence elements. can you explain about that?
hello Maya! I would like to help Fransisca answer your question. An interpretation is an assignment of meaning to the symbols of a formal language. Many formal languages used in mathematics, logic, and theoretical computer science are defined in solely syntactic terms, and as such do not have any meaning until they are given some interpretation. The general study of interpretations of formal languages is called formal semantics.
DeleteThe most commonly studied formal logics are propositional logic, predicate logic and their modal analogs, and for these there are standard ways of presenting an interpretation. In these contexts an interpretation is a function that provides the extension of symbols and strings of symbols of an object language. For example, an interpretation function could take the predicate T (for "tall") and assign it the extension {a} (for "Abraham Lincoln"). Note that all our interpretation does is assign the extension {a} to the non-logical constant T, and does not make a claim about whether T is to stand for tall and 'a' for Abraham Lincoln. Nor does logical interpretation have anything to say about logical connectives like 'and', 'or' and 'not'. Though we may take these symbols to stand for certain things or concepts, this is not determined by the interpretation function.
Thank you Sikin for answering my question. I need to be helped to answer that one. Thanks a lot Sikin.haha..😁😁
DeleteYou are welcome. But, please add your answer also for this question Siska. It is unfair if only me giving the explanation on your blog. 🤔🤔🤔
DeleteHi sist, Fransiska, could you tell mw why we have to study about semantic? What is the corelation with our language lol..
ReplyDeleteHi sist vero. Sorry for the long reply here.
DeleteBased on my perspective, we need to leatn about Semantics because semantics itself it's about the study of meaning. Mosty of the words and sentences have meaning. It means the sentences and words that we use in the daily life have the meaning too.
The correlation here because Semantics discuss about meaning, that of course will be related one another, because when we say something, whatever language that we use, most of them have the meaning. So,because Semantics is the study of language and we use it continuously, that's the correlation of the language itself.
hi Vero! I will help Fransisca answer your questions.
ReplyDeleteThe aim of semantics is to discover why meaning is more complex than simply the words formed in a sentence. Studying semantics will allow us to explain why only one of these sentences can be true. Semantics is very important to add our insight about the meaning that is complex than simply the words formed.
The correlation is very strong. because semantics is study about meaning in language. The language here not only leads in one language, but all languages, including Indonesian language. thank you.
Hi Fransiska! I see that you need a long time to answer the questions on your blog. What happen? We want to know the answer as soon as possible. Please do not make us waiting for a long time. Thank you.
ReplyDeletesorry sikin for the late reply. I have been busy with my works and my other activities too. I just responded here. Thank you for the comments here.
DeleteOh I see. It's ok as long as you still answer the questions on you blog. I really want to make it interesting. 🤗
DeleteWow😍😍😍kak sis, your blog theme is really good. creative and very interesting, the writing and comments are neatly arranged. so like
ReplyDeleteBut, why the explanation is so short. can you describe the explanation that you have captured from the material you chose?
ReplyDelete